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BIBLICAL RESOURCES

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Biblical Resources

• Classical Greek History from Mycenae to Alexander - (Thomas R. Martin's overview)
• Bible Gateway - (online search of NIV, NASB, RSV, and others)
• Bible History online - (timelines, maps, history, info by region, people, manners and customs; comprehensive site)
• Bibles.net - (Read, listen, and search the Bible online, English Bible history online, hymns online, classics of Christian literature online, etc.)
• Bible Study Tools - (Interlinear and parallel Bibles, commentaries, concordances, dictionaries, lexicons, history, encyclopedia)
• Bible Translations - (also links to biblical resources and general academic and religion sites on main site, the NT Gateway)
• BibleMap.org - (enter a book or chapter and see locations on a map)
• Christian Ethereal Classics Library - (includes World Wide Study Bible, World Wide Encyclopedia of Christianity, Early Church Fathers, and classics)
• Christianity.com Bible Study Tools
• Early Church Fathers Collection
• Early English Books Online/Biblical Studies - (10,000+ digitized works from 1475-1661, including extensive Biblical material)
• E-Sword - (free Bible study software you can download)
• Holy Land Photos - (Biblical sties, daily life, people, by region)
• Into His Own:  Perspective on the World of Jesus - (Rutgers University - political, social, intellectual and cultural climate in the time of Jesus)
• International Bible Society Scripture Resources - (NIV Online Bible and IBS online scriptures in other languages)
• Literary Resources - Classical and Biblical - (Jack Lynch, Rutgers University)
• NT Gateway - (New Testament Gateway)
• Olive Tree Bible Software - (compare a verse on multiple versions: NKJV, KJV, MKJV, NASB, RSV, LITV, ASV, CEV, TEV, Darby, Weymouth, Young)
• Online Bible Study Resources - (32 translations of the Bible in many languages, Bible study tools, Easton's Bible Dictionary)
• Organizations:  American Academy of Relgion, Council for Christian Colleges & Universities, Society for Biblical Literature
• Perseus Project - (classics, Greek and Latin, texts, lexicons, and artifacts)
• Religious Scriptures Online - (religious works (Bibles, Torah, Al-Quran, Bhagavat Gita) of major religions)
• Study Light - (over 30 Bibles, interlinear Bible, parallet Bible, commentaries, concordances, lexicons, Greek and Hebrew resources, etc.)
• The Unbound Bible - (10 English, 4 ancient, Greek, Hebrew, and 42 versions in other languages of searchable Bibles that can be seen in parallel; also Matthew Henry's Commentary, Naves Topical Bible, Easton's Bible Dictionary)
• Virtual Christianity:  Bibles - (extensive list)
• World Wide Study Bible - (NIB, ASV, Darby, KJV, NASB 95, NKJV, NRSV, RSV, YLT, etc., Henry's Commentary, Easton's Bible Dictionary…)

Citing Sacred Texts

When citing biblical texts, follow the guidelines listed below or in the most recent edition of The Chicago Manual of Style, Turabian's A Manual for Writers, or the Journal of Biblical Literature Instructions for Contributors. See references, titles, abbreviations, abbreviated forms, names, adjectives.

References to biblical texts are placed in parentheses within the body of the paper, not in a footnote. A reference (1) follows the comment or quotation (2) unless the reference is a grammatical component of the sentence. Multiple references within parentheses (3) are separated by semicolons.

(1) Moses wrote, "In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth" (Gen 1:1). The Hebrew Bible describes the creation of all things (Gen 1:1-2:3).

(2) Gen 1:1-2:3 preserves an ancient account of creation.

(3) Such parallelism is characteristic of early Hebrew poetry (see Gen 24:60; Deut 32:30; 33:17; Ps 68:18).

Titles of (1) sacred books, (2) versions, (3) named divisions and passages, and (4) creeds and hymns are capitalized, but are not underlined, italicized, or set in quotation marks.

(1) the Bible, the Holy Bible, the Scripture, the Word of God

(2) the King James Version, the New International Version, KJV, NIV

(3) Genesis, Matthew, the Book of Proverbs, the Gospel of Mark, the Old Testament, the New Testament, the Gospels, the Law, the Prophets, the Writings, the Torah, the Pentateuch, the Deuteronomistic History, the Apocrypha, the Hagiographa, the Pseudepigrapha, the Mishnah, the Talmud, the Dead Sea Scrolls, the Nag Hammadi Codices, the Synoptic Gospels, the Q, the Psalter, the Decalogue, the Ten Commandments, the Sermon on the Mount, the Shema, the Lord's Prayer

(4) Apostles' Creed, Westminster Confession, Te Deum, Gloria Patri

Abbreviations are used (1) when referring to specific verses, but (2) not when referring to entire chapters. A colon is placed between chapter and verse numbers.

(1) Genesis 1, Proverbs 1-9, Mark 12

(2) Gen 1:1, Prov 1:1-9:5, Mark 12:1-4

Abbreviated forms are based on a recommended list, dictionary, or style guide. The following list offers one guide.

(1) Biblical books

Gen	Zeph	Rom
Exod	Hag	1 Cor
Lev	Zech	2 Cor
Num	Mal	Gal
Deut	Ps (pl. Pss)	Eph
Josh	Job	Phil
Judg	Prov	Col
1 Sam	Ruth	1 Thess
2 Sam	Cant (or Song of Sol)	2 Thess
1 Kgs (or 1 Kings)	Eccl (or Qoh)	1 Tim
2 Kgs (or 2 Kings)	Lam	2 Tim
Isa	Esth	Titus
Jer	Dan	Phlm
Ezek	Ezra	Heb
Hos	Neh	Jas
Joel	1 Chr	1 Pet
Amos	2 Chr	2 Pet
Obad	Matt	1 John
Jonah	Mark	2 John
Mic	Luke	3 John
Nah	John	Jude
Hab	Acts	Rev

(2) Apocryphal books

1 Kgdms	2 Esdr	Pr Man
2 Kgdms	Jdt	Sir
3 Kgdms	Ep Jer	Sus
4 Kgdms	1 Macc	Tob
Add Esth	2 Macc	Wis
Bar	3 Macc	4 Ezra
Bel	4 Macc
1 Esdr	Pr Azar

(3) Versions: OT (Old Testament), NT (New Testament), MT (Masoretic Text), TR (Textus Receptus), LXX (Septuagint), Vg (Vulgate), OL (Old Latin), OG (Old Greek)

(4) Sections: v. or vv. (verses), p. or pp. (pages), chap. or chaps. (chapters), col. or cols. (columns), n. or nn. (notes)

Names of (1) deities, (2) famous events and rites, and (3) fields and movements are capitalized but are not underlined, italicized, or set in quotation marks.

(1) God, the Lord, the Father, the Son, the Holy Spirit, the King of Kings, the Savior, the Son of God, the Son of Man, the Trinity, Messiah, Yahweh or YHWH, Baal, Christ

(2) the Crucifixion, the Flood, the Diaspora, the Exodus, the Fall, Original Sin, Redemption, the Second Coming, the Mass, Holy Communion, the Sacraments

(3) Christology, Yahwism, Judaism

Adjectives (1) that are derived from titles and names, pronouns (2) that refer to divine persons, and nouns (3) that denote religious objects or domains are not capitalized.

(1) biblical, scriptural, godly, messianic, deuteronomic, apocryphal, talmudic, christological

(2) he, his, she, her

(3) ark, phylacteries, sanctuary, shofar, lordship, fatherhood, kingship